Authors should strictly adhere to the copyright of other authors whose works are used in the preparation of the article.

A quote from another author’s work may be included in an article as long as all of the following requirements are met:
● a quotation from an English-language work is given in its authentic (unchanged) form; a quotation from a work written in another language is given in its exact translation into English
● a quotation is used to support the author’s opinion or to illustrate the views of other researchers, but not instead of the author’s opinion
● the beginning and end of a quotation are marked with quotation marks “”

Quotations may be shortened if this does not alter the meaning of the quoted passage. Shortenings are indicated by three dots, for example: “part of the quotation … the rest of the quotation after the omitted passage”. If there was a punctuation mark before or after the shortening, it is omitted in the shortened version.

Quotations from materials that are not works (legislative acts, judgments, statistical data, official reports, etc.) are given without quotation marks.

After each quotation or other borrowed material, a reference to the author (if available) and the source of information should be provided. References are provided in footnotes.

When using a quotation from a work or other material that has pages, the page number (numbers) on which the quoted (borrowed) fragment is located should be indicated.

If the cited source is a judgment, report, or another document divided into sections (paragraphs), please provide the number of the section (paragraph) from which the information is taken, for example: para 15 or paras 87-89.

A footnote referencing a legislative act should be provided only once, when the relevant act is first mentioned in the text. There is no need to provide a footnote with a reference to this act in the further text.

Examples of reference formatting

PDF (English)