Theory and practice of intellectual property
№ 2 / 2021
ISSN (Print) 2308-0361
ISSN (Online) 2519-2744
PDF (Ukrainian)DOI: https://doi.org/10.33731/22021.236524
Published 2021-05-14
Legal aspects of usage out-of-commerce works by libraries and other institutions
Valentyna Trotska
Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7579-1877
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the norms of Directive 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market, such as provisions on the permitted use of works out-of-commercial circulation, that are permanently in the collections of libraries and others cultural heritage institutions. The norms of this EU Directive, as well as the provisions defined in the laws of some European countries, are analyzed in detail.
The main provisions of the EU Directive are considered, which provide for a double mechanism of permitted use of works of cultural heritage institutions: main and reserve. The essence of each mechanism is considered in detail.
The article also considers the question of when the rights holders have the right to refuse, meaning not to allow cultural heritage institutions to use out-of-commerce works.
A comparison is made between the norms of the legislation of Ukraine on copyright and related rights concerning the free use of works by libraries and other cultural heritage institutions and the relevant norms of European legislation. It is established that in the legislation of Ukraine the list of institutions that have the right to freely reproduce works is limited only to libraries and archives. Unlike the provisions of the EU Directive, norms of national legislation do not apply to museums, film and audio funds. However, free reproduction is allowed only by reprographic method (photocopying) of copies, which restrains the possibility of freeing reproduction (digitization) of works using modern digital technologies.
It is concluded that classical norms of the legislation on copyright and related rights with the development of relations in the digital environment are changing. Legislators are constantly searching for optimal ways to balance public and private interests. Whether the new rules will be successful depends on how states implement the rules of the EU Directive in state law and how they will be applied in practice.
Keywords: copyright; out-of-commerce works; cultural heritage institutions; exceptions and limitation; representative organizations of collective management
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