{"id":9226,"date":"2026-01-12T11:52:50","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T09:52:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/?page_id=9226"},"modified":"2026-02-03T23:13:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T21:13:10","slug":"2022-2-10","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/2022-2-10\/","title":{"rendered":"2022-2-10"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Theory and practice of intellectual property
\u2116 2 \/ 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ISSN (Print) 2308-0361
ISSN (Online) 2519-2744<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\" PDF (Ukrainian)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/22022.259748<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Published \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02022-06-23<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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NFT \u2014 the latest digital copyright object or form of expression<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Leonid Tarasenko<\/strong>
Ukraine
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4359-8965<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abstract
<\/strong>The article is dedicated to current issues of NFT legal protection. There were analysed the legal nature of NFT as an object of copyright, the legal regime of NFT \u2014 the work, and some proposals for improving the legal regulation of these relations are substantiated. It has been proven that in a separate group of copyright objects it is expedient to allocate new digital objects that appear recently \u2014 NFT, multimedia works, video games (computer games), Internet site, blockchain, and others. The legal nature of new digital copyright objects has been found to be controversial. It is established that in the scientific literature NFT is interpreted as an independent object of copyright, as a way to use the object of copyright (for example, conversion of art into a digital token form), as an objective form of expression (digital token form), as security digital document, as a way of technical protection of the copyright object from encroachment on it. It has been proven that converting a work into an NFT form is a way to commercialize a copyright object. Furthermore, it is substantiated that NFT is a form of expression (existence) of the object of copyright, and NFT-work (photography, video, painting, drawing, music etc.) in the presence of originality (creative nature) is the object of copyright, which is fixed in specific digital tokenized form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has been established that tokenization of works provides additional opportunities for copyright protection of such objects due to blockchain \u2014 the technology on which NFT operates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has been proven that NFT as a digital certificate certifies the uniqueness of the work, which allows increasing its value and avoid illegal distribution in the digital environment in the future (which is typical of almost all digital and digitized copyright objects). Likewise, it has been proven that most NFT disputes should be resolved based on the findings of judicial intellectual property and computer science expertise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has been established that copyright law is not adapted to regulate the use of works in the digital environment, so NFT works have an undefined legal regime as objects of copyright. It has been proven that the current copyright law, which is imperfect in regulating relations in the digital environment in general, should be applied to the relations related to the creation, use, exercise, and protection of NFT works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keywords: <\/strong>NFT, copyright, work, token, blockchain, digital environment, judicial expertise<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ifeanyi E Okonkwo. NFT, copyright and intellectual property commercialization. International Journal of Law and Information Technology. 2021. eaab010.
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijlit\/eaab010<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alex Baldwin. Anti-piracy group launches NFT takedown service. World Intellectual Property Review Bulletin. 2022.
https:\/\/www.worldipreview.com\/news\/anti-piracy-group-launches-nft-takedown-service-22103<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0426\u044c\u0432\u043e\u043a. \u0429\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 NFT \u0456 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0438. 2021.
https:\/\/ain.ua\/ru\/2021\/03\/18\/nft-renesans-abo-yak-prodati-cifrove-mistectvo-za-miljoni\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rafli, Dw Putu Alit Denbagus. NFT Become a Copyright Solution. Journal of Digital Law and Policy. 2022. 1 (2). P. 43-52.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u041d., \u041d\u043e\u0441 \u041e. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443. \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443. 2021. \u0421. 320\u2212323.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BYBIT NFT. 2022.
https:\/\/www.bybit.com\/uk-UA\/nft\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0421\u0456\u043c\u043f\u0441\u043e\u043d. \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 NFT: \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440. 2022.
https:\/\/ilti.com.ua\/czifrove-mistecztvo,-blokchejn\u0456zacz\u0456ya-ta-nft-yuridichnij-rozb\u0456r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0406\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0448 \u041e. \u041e. \u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456. \u0406\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e. 2021. 3 (38). \u0421. 82\u221289.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alex Baldwin. Anti-piracy group launches NFT takedown service. World Intelectual Property Review Bulletin. 2022.
https:\/\/www.worldipreview.com\/news\/anti-piracy-group-launches-nft-takedown-service-22103<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muireann Bolger. Herm\u00e8s sues \u2018get rich quick\u2019 creator of handbag NFTs. World Intelectual Property Review Bulletin. 2022. 
https:\/\/www.worldipreview.com\/news\/hermes-sues-get-rich-quick-creator-of-handbag-nfts-22034<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alex Baldwin. Lil Yachty sues music NFT startup over likeness. World Intelectual Property Review Bulletin. 2022.
https:\/\/www.worldipreview.com\/news\/lil-yachty-sues-music-nft-startup-over-likeness-22076<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Appinventiv. What Is NFT And How Does It Works \u2014 A Detailed Guide. 2022.
https:\/\/appinventiv.com\/blog\/guide-to-nft-and-its-uses\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Muddasar, Sikha Bagui. Introduction to NFTs: The Future of Digital Collectibles. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 2021. \u2116 12 (10). \u0420. 50\u221256.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theory and practice of intellectual property\u2116 2 \/ 2022 ISSN (Print) 2308-0361ISSN (Online) 2519-2744 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/22022.259748 Published \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02022-06-23 NFT \u2014 the latest digital copyright object or form of expression Leonid TarasenkoUkrainehttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4359-8965 AbstractThe article is dedicated to current issues of NFT legal protection. There were analysed the legal nature of NFT as an object of copyright, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9226","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9226"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9228,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9226\/revisions\/9228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}