![\"\"](\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-734x1024.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTheory and practice of intellectual property
\u2116 2 \/ 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ISSN (Print) 2308-0361
ISSN (Online) 2519-2744<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/test.inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153.png\"){kind=icon}
PDF (Ukrainian)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nDOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/22024.305499<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Submitted 2024-04-15 <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Tendencies in legal regulation of Internet intermediaries in the European Union<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kateryna Haidai<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n Abstract The study of the main EU regulations governing the activities of Internet intermediaries is carried out using the historical method. The author’s classification of the periods of development of EU legislation in the relevant area into three stages (periods) includes the period of formation of legislation governing legal relations involving Internet intermediaries, the period of transformation of the existing legal framework, and the latest period, which includes the adoption of regulations as acts of direct effect. The author highlights the peculiarities of the formation, development, and reformation of EU legal acts regulating legal relations involving Internet intermediaries. The author identifies and describes the factors that influenced the reform of legislation, and highlights the problems and judicial practice on this issue. The author describes, in particular, the ambiguous interpretation of the term “information society service”, the problematic nature of the so-called “safe harbor” regime, the vagueness of the obligation to report and remove illegal content, the uncertainty of the “duty of care” regime and the prohibition of general monitoring, which led to inconsistencies in the approaches of the judges of the European Court of Justice, and the difficulty of applying the provisions on exemption of Internet intermediaries from civil liability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The author substantiates the general tendency of transformation of approaches to liability of Internet intermediaries, in particular, in the context of changing the so-called “safe harbor” regime towards strengthening liability and imposing on Internet intermediaries the obligation to take certain active steps to ensure intellectual property rights and other rights of users on the Internet, in particular, through the prism of key provisions of Regulation (EU) 2022\/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 and Regulation (EU) 2022\/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Keywords: <\/strong>e-commerce, internet intermediaries, online platforms, EU legislation<\/p>\n\n\n\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n OECD. The economic and social role of Internet intermediaries (April 2010). Directive 2000\/31\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (‘Directive on electronic commerce’). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social committee and the Committee of the regions: a Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe. EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service. Liability of online platforms. STUDY. Panel for the Future of Science and Technology. PE 656.318 \u2013 February 2021. Gen\u00e7-Gelge\u00e7 B. Regulating Digital Platforms: Will the DSA Correct Its Predecessor\u2019s Deficiencies? Croatian Yearbook of European Law and Policy. 2022. \u2116 18. P. 25\u221260. Moscon V. Free Circulation of Information and Online Intermediaries \u2013 Replacing One \u201cValue Gap\u201d with Another. IIC \u2013 International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law. 2020. No. 51. P. 977\u2013982. Madiega T. Reform of the EU liability regime for online intermediaries. Background on the forthcoming Digital Services Act. EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service. May 2020. Directive 2004\/48\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights. CJEU as of 27 March 2014. UPC Telekabel Wien GmbH v Constantin Film Verleih GmbH and Wega Filmproduktionsgesellschaft mbH. Case C\u2011314\/12. CJEU as of 15 September 2016. Tobias McFadden v Sony Music Entertainment Germany GmbH. Case C-484\/14. CJEU as of 13 May 2014. Google Spain SL and Google Inc. v Agencia Espa\u00f1ola de Protecci\u00f3n de Datos (AEPD) and Mario Costeja Gonz\u00e1lez. Case C\u2011131\/12. CJEU as of 8 September 2016. GS Media BV v Sanoma Media Netherlands BV and Others. Case C-160\/15. CJEU as of 14 June 2017. Stichting Brein v Ziggo BV and XS4All Internet BV. Case C-610\/15. CJEU as of 26 April 2017. Stichting Brein v Jack Frederik Wullems. Case C-527\/15. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social committee and the Committee of the regions. Tackling Illegal Content Online. Towards an enhanced responsibility of online platforms. 28.9.2017. COM(2017) 555 final. 20 p. Directive (EU) 2018\/1808 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 amending Directive 2010\/13\/EU on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services (Audiovisual Media Services Directive) in view of changing market realities. Act to Improve Enforcement of the Law in Social Networks. The BEREC website. Regulation (EU) 2018\/1971 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 – establishing the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC) and the Agency for Support for BEREC (BEREC Office), amending Regulation (EU) 2015\/2120 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1211\/2009. Directive (EU) 2018\/1972 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code (Recast) Text with EEA relevance. Directive (EU) 2019\/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96\/9\/EC and 2001\/29\/EC. European Commission official website. Shaping Europe\u2019s digital future. The Digital Services Act package. Regulation (EU) 2022\/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000\/31\/EC (Digital Services Act). \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0439 \u041a. \u041e. \u0422\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0456: \u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456, \u0454\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0438: \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438 X\u0406 \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 (\u043c.\u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432, 12.10.2023): \u0435\u043b. \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \/ \u041a\u041d\u0423 \u0456\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0422. \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u041d\u0414\u0406 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u041d\u0410\u041f\u0440\u041d \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438, \u0423\u041a\u0420\u041d\u041e\u0406\u0412\u0406. \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432, 2023. \u0421. 24\u201330.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regulation (EU) 2022\/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019\/1937 and (EU) 2020\/1828 (Digital Markets Act). European Commission official website. About the Digital Markets Act.
Accepted 2024-05-03
Published 2024-06-04<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CC-2.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
PhD student of the Intellectual Property Scientific Research Institute of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine
Ukraine
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9141-1142<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>The article provides a general description of the process of formation and subsequent reform of the European Union legislation regulating legal relations with the participation of intermediate service providers (internet intermediaries).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/digital\/ieconomy\/44949023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=celex%3A32000L0031<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex%3A52015DC0192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/STUD\/2021\/656318\/EPRS_STU(2021)656318_EN.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3935\/cyelp.18.2022.485<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-020-00982-3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/IDAN\/2020\/649404\/EPRS_IDA(2020)649404_EN.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1537970768386&uri=CELEX:32004L0048<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1537971004541&uri=CELEX:62012CJ0314<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1537971097043&uri=CELEX:62014CJ0484<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1538030286422&uri=CELEX:62012CJ0131<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1537971865116&uri=CELEX:62015CJ0160<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1537972114755&uri=CELEX:62015CJ0610<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1537972114755&uri=CELEX:62015CJ0527<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/communication-tackling-illegal-content-online-towards-enhanced-responsibility-online-platforms<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32018L1808<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/perma.cc\/7UCW-AA3A<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.berec.europa.eu\/en\/berec\/mission-strategy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R1971<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2018.321.01.0036.01.ENG<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2019\/790\/oj<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/digital-services-act-package<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex%3A32022R2065<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex%3A32022R1925<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu\/about-dma_en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n