{"id":8072,"date":"2025-12-30T10:18:45","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T08:18:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/?page_id=8072"},"modified":"2026-02-04T10:37:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T08:37:10","slug":"2024-2-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/2024-2-3\/","title":{"rendered":"2024-2-3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"734\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-734x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3609\" style=\"width:217px;height:302px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-734x1024.jpg 734w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-768x1071.jpg 768w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-1101x1536.jpg 1101w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-1468x2048.jpg 1468w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-scaled.jpg 1835w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Theory and practice of intellectual property<br>\u2116 2 \/ 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">ISSN (Print) 2308-0361<br>ISSN (Online) 2519-2744<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fdcfc74e wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"font-size:10px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/18btgGBU5PUG1x8Dua25YLPHsUGVb3VzD\/view\" style=\"border-radius:10px;font-size:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" class=\"wp-image-362\" style=\"width: 14px;\" src=\"https:\/\/test.inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153.png 512w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-450x450.png 450w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-106x106.png 106w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-80x80.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 14px) 100vw, 14px\" \/> PDF (English)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/22024.305558\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/22024.305558<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Submitted&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2024-04-14<br>Accepted &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2024-05-07<br>Published &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2024-06-04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:8px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CC-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6960\" style=\"width:131px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>EU trade mark protection and conflicts in the repair and spare parts market in circular economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Svitlana Parkhomchuk<\/strong><br>PhD (Law), intellectual property professional at the Ukrainian National Office for Intellectual Property and Innovations<br>Ukraine<br><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8845-2045\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8845-2045<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<br><\/strong>The article discusses the connection between the EU intellectual property framework and business activities on the automotive repair market in the circular economy. It examines a typical case scenario related to the reproduction of third parties\u2019 trade marks as an inherent part of the product\u2019s appearance. A review of the EU trade mark law and case law demonstrated that current trade mark rules are not comparable to the repair clause in the Community design and are inadequate for the circular economy. The author suggests directions for improving law enforcement and updating approaches to the principles of trade mark protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>trade mark, repair clause, right to repair, spare parts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Svensson-Hoglund S., Luth Richter J., Maitre-Ekern E., Russell J.D., Pihlajarinne T. and Dalhammar C. Barriers, enablers and market governance: A review of the policy landscape for repair of consumer electronics in the EU and the U.S. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021. Vol. 288.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125488\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125488<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Right to Repair: Commission Introduces New Consumer Rights for Easy and Attractive Repairs (the European Commission: Press Release, 22 March 2023).<br><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_23_1794\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_23_1794<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on common rules promoting the repair of goods and amending Regulation (EU) 2017\/2394, Directives (EU) 2019\/771 and (EU) 2020\/1828 of 22.03.2023, COM (2023) 155 final.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:52023PC0155\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex:52023PC0155<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 13.11.2020, New Consumer Agenda Strengthening consumer resilience for sustainable recovery COM (2020) 696 final.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0696\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0696<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions of 11.03.2020, A New Circular Economy Action Plan For a Cleaner and More Competitive Europe, COM (2020) 98 Final.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0098\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0098<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, [2012] OJ C326\/13.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E\/TXT:en:PDF\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12012E\/TXT:en:PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Council Regulation (EC) No. 6\/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs, [2001] OJ 2002 L 3\/1.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2002\/6\/oj\">http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2002\/6\/oj<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opinion of AG Saugmandsgaard \u00d8e in C-397\/16 and C\u2011435\/16, Acacia Srl v Pneusgarda Srl (in bankruptcy) Audi AG, 28.09.2017, ECLI:EU:C:2017:730.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62016CC0397\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62016CC0397<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opinion of AG Medina in C-334\/22, Audi AG v GQ, 21.09.2023, ECLI:EU:C:2023:700.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62022CC0334\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62022CC0334<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regulation (EU) 2017\/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trade mark [2017] OJ L 154\/1.<br><a href=\"http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2017\/1001\/oj\">http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2017\/1001\/oj<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The General Court, Case T-629\/14, Jaguar Land Rover Ltd v Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs), 25.11.2015, ECLI:EU:T:2015:878.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/SUM\/?uri=CELEX:62014TJ0629\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/SUM\/?uri=CELEX:62014TJ0629<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The General Court, Case T-128\/01, DaimlerChrysler Corporation v European Union Intellectual Property Office, 06.03.2003, ECLI:EU:T:2003:62.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62001TJ0128\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62001TJ0128<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grinvald L.C., Tur-Sinai O., Intellectual Property Law and the Right to Repair. Fordham Law Review. 2019. Vol. 88. P. 63-128.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CJEU, Case C-500\/14, Ford Motor Company v Wheeltrims srl, 06.10.2015, ECLI:EU:C:2015:680.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62014CO0500\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62014CO0500<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CJEU, Joined cases C-397\/16 and C-435\/16, Acacia Srl v Pneusgarda Srl and Audi AG and Acacia Srl and Rolando D\u2019Amato v Dr Ing h.cF Porsche AG, 20.12.2017, ECLI:EU:C:2017:992.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62016CJ0397\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62016CJ0397<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tischner A. Chopping off Hydra\u2019s Heads: Spare Parts in EU Design and Trade Mark Law: Transition and Coherence in Intellectual Property Law: Essays in Honour of Annette Kur \/ edited by N. Bruun, G.B. Dinwoodie, M. Levin, A. Ohly. Cambridge: Cambridge Intellectual Property and Information Law, Cambridge University Press, 2021. P. 392-404.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108688529.043\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108688529.043<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tischner A., Stasiuk K. Spare Parts, Repairs, Trade Marks and Consumer Understanding. IIC &#8211; International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law. 2023. Vol. 54. P. 26-60.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-022-01274-8\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-022-01274-8<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Opinion of AG Saugmandsgaard \u00d8e in C-397\/16 and C\u2011435\/16, Acacia Srl v Pneusgarda Srl (in bankruptcy) Audi AG, 28.09.2017, ECLI:EU:C:2017:730.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62016CC0397\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62016CC0397<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beldiman D., Blanke-Roeser C., Tischner A. Spare Parts and Design Protection \u2013 Different Approaches to a Common Problem. Recent Developments from the EU and US Perspective. GRUR International. 2020. Vol. 69. Issue 7.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/grurint\/ikaa081\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/grurint\/ikaa081<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CJEU, Case C-334\/22, Audi AG v GQ, 25.01.2024, ECLI:EU:C:2024:76.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62022CJ0334\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62022CJ0334<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Senftleben M. Vigeland and the Status of Cultural Concerns in Trade Mark Law \u2013 The EFTA Court Develops More Effective Tools for the Preservation of the Public Domain. International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law. 2017. Vol. 48. P. 683-720.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-017-0621-y\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-017-0621-y<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CJEU, Case C-48\/05, Adam Opel AG v Autec AG, 25.01.2007, ECLI:EU:C:2007:55.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62005CJ0048\">https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62005CJ0048<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theory and practice of intellectual property\u2116 2 \/ 2024 ISSN (Print) 2308-0361ISSN (Online) 2519-2744 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/22024.305558 Submitted&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 2024-04-14Accepted &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; 2024-05-07Published &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2024-06-04 EU trade mark protection and conflicts in the repair and spare parts market in circular economy Svitlana ParkhomchukPhD (Law), intellectual property professional at the Ukrainian National Office for Intellectual Property and InnovationsUkrainehttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8845-2045 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8072","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8072"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8075,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8072\/revisions\/8075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}