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<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTheory and practice of intellectual property
\u2116 1 \/ 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ISSN (Print) 2308-0361
ISSN (Online) 2519-2744<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/test.inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153.png\"){kind=icon}
PDF (Ukrainian)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\nDOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/12025.324974<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Submitted 2025-02-07 <\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n Main trends in the development of copyright in the European Union<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Valentyna Trotska<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n Abstract The article identifies the factors that influenced the formation of the EU legislation: the development of information technology and the Internet; the desire to build an internal market by creating conditions for the development of copyright-based industries; the desire to overcome trans-territorial restrictions; and the creation of a competitive economy in the EU Member states.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At the same time, the author points out the shortcomings of the EU legislation formation: fragmentation, some spontaneity in the choice of models of the legal regulation of the relations, and sometimes the right to choose the methods and forms of taking into account the provisions of the EU Directives by EU Member States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The author notes that the EU legislation strengthening EU copyright protection requires further improvement by ensuring a fair and effective balance of public and private interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The issue of territoriality of the copyright legislation, which has become particularly relevant with the development of the digital environment, needs to be addressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The author analyses the possibility of introducing a unified copyright law for all EU Member States by systematising\u00a0 the EU legislation and adopting the EU Regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Currently, there are issues that have not yet been resolved, and with the development of the digital environment, new challenges arise that require an appropriate legal response. In particular, this concerns the regulation of the relations related to the development of artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Based on the analysis of the EU legislation and the identified problematic issues, the author identifies the main directions for the further development of the EU legislation to achieve the goals of building an internal market, overcoming the trans-territorial restrictions caused by the development of the digital environment, and ensuring the effective balance of public and private interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Keywords: <\/strong>copyright, European Union law, digital environment, Internet<\/p>\n\n\n\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0423\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0430\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0456 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 (\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u0456\u0434 24 \u043b\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044f 1971 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 2 \u0436\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043d\u044f 1979 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443). European Commission. The EU copyright legislation. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \/ \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u042e. \u041c. \u041a\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0446\u0438; \u042e. \u041c. \u041a\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0446\u0430, \u0421. \u041a. \u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a, \u0412. \u041f. \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0439\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d. \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432: \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, 2006. 1104 \u0441.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hugenholtz P. B. The Creeping Unification of Copyright in Europe. Institute for Information Law. 2019. Sganga C. The Past, Present and Future of EU Copyright Flexibilities. International Review of Intellectual Property Law & Competition Law. 2024. Vol. 55, Issue 1. P. 5-36. Madiega T. EU copyright reform: Revisiting the principle of territoriality. 2015. \u0411\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041d. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0404\u0421. \u0413\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430. 2006. \u2116 13. Council Directive 91\/250\/EEC of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs. OJ L 122 17.05.91. \u0420. 42.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Directive 96\/9\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases. OJ L 077 27.03.96. \u0420. 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Council Directive 92\/100\/EEC of 19 November 1992 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights related to copyright in the field of intellectual property. \u041e\u0412 L 346 27.11.92. \u0420. 61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Directive 2006\/116\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights. (codified version). OJ L 372, 27.12.2006. p. 12\u201318.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Directive 2001\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. OJ L 167 22.06.2001. \u0420. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Directive (EU) 2019\/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96\/9\/EC and 2001\/29\/EC. OJ L 130, 17.5.2019. P. 92\u2013125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Synodinou \u0422.-\u0415. EU Copyright law, an ancient history, a contemporary challenge. 2023. Rosati \u0415. Copyright at the CJEU: Back to the start (of copyright protection). 2023. Kraetzig V., Jannis Lennartz J. Copyright as democracy of aspiration: Rethinking EU law\u2019s approach to a protected “work”. Common Market Law Review. 2023. Vol. 60, Issue 6. \u0420.1655\u20131682. Directive 2001\/29\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. OJ L 167 22.06.2001. \u0420. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Wery E. Legal protection of author right (copyright). 2017. Sch\u00f6nning J. The legitimacy of the InfoSoc Directive. 2010. Sganga C. The Past, Present and Future of EU Copyright Flexibilities. 2023. Directive (EU) 2019\/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96\/9\/EC and 2001\/29\/EC. OJ L 130, 17.5.2019. P. 92\u2013125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Directive 2012\/28\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works. OJ L 299, 27.10.2012. \u0420. 5\u201312.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Report on the application of the \u00abOrphan Works Directive\u00bb. 09 December 2022. Regulation on the cross-border exchange between the Union and third countries of accessible format copies of certain works and other subject matter protected by copyright and related rights for the benefit of persons who are blind, visually impaired or otherwise print-disabled. OJ L 242, 20.9.2017. \u0420. 1\u20135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0456\u043f\u0438\u0445, \u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u0456\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434 27 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044f 2013 \u0440. European Parliament resolution of 20 October 2020 on intellectual property rights for the development of artificial intelligence technologies. 2020. Regulation (EU) 2024\/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300\/2008, (EU) No 167\/2013, (EU) No 168\/2013, (EU) 2018\/858, (EU) 2018\/1139 and (EU) 2019\/2144 and Directives 2014\/90\/EU, (EU) 2016\/797 and (EU) 2020\/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) PE\/24\/2024\/REV\/1. OJ L, 2024\/1689, 12.7.2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Green Paper on Copyright and the Challenge of Technology – Copyright Issues Requiring Immediate Action. COM (88) 172 final, 7 June 1988. Netherlands. Copyright Act of 1912 (Act of September 23, 1912, Containing New Regulations on Copyright, amended up to 1 September 2017). Dietz \u0410. The protection of intellectual property in the information age \u2014 the draft E.U. Copyright Directive of November 1997. 1999. Rosat\u0456 E. Should the EU unify copyright laws? 2024.
Accepted 2025-02-14
Published 2025-03-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CC-2.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Ph.D. (Law), Head of the sector of the Disposal of copyright and related rights of the Copyright and Related Rights Department of the Intellectual Property Scientific Research Institute of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine
Ukraine
https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7579-1877<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>The article examines the current state and main trends in the development of EU copyright protection. Over the past decades, the EU has strengthened its copyright protection compared to the standards set out in the international copyright treaties.\u00a0 This level was achieved due to the dynamic development of national legislation in the EU Member States, as well as the adoption of the EU Copyright Directives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/984_011#Text<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/995_051#Text <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/copyright-legislation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.ivir.nl\/publicaties\/download\/Unification-territoriality.pdf <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-023-01413-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/etudes\/BRIE\/2015\/568348\/EPRS_BRI(2015)568348_EN.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/veche.kiev.ua\/ journal\/278<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4637612<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:1655124\/FULLTEXT01.pdf <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54648\/cola2023119<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.droit-technologie.org\/contentieux\/it-ip-litigation-in-europe-legal-protection-of-author-right-copyright\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/lup.lub.lu.se\/luur\/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1628198&fileOId=1628199<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40319-023-01413-9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/library\/report-application-orphan-works-directive<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/999_001-13#Text<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/TA-9-2020-0277_EN.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/HIS\/?uri=CELEX%3A51988DC0172<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/wipolex\/en\/legislation\/details\/17868<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/tind.wipo.int\/record\/%2022660?ln=en<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
https:\/\/ipkitten.blogspot.com\/2024\/05\/should-eu-unify-copyright-laws.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n