{"id":10650,"date":"2026-02-10T16:40:41","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T14:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/?page_id=10650"},"modified":"2026-02-10T16:40:41","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T14:40:41","slug":"2019-3-13","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/2019-3-13\/","title":{"rendered":"2019-3-13"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"734\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-734x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3609\" style=\"width:217px;height:302px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-734x1024.jpg 734w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-215x300.jpg 215w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-768x1071.jpg 768w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-1101x1536.jpg 1101w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-1468x2048.jpg 1468w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/018-cover-scaled.jpg 1835w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 734px) 100vw, 734px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Theory and practice of intellectual property<br>\u2116 3 \/ 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">ISSN (Print) 2308-0361<br>ISSN (Online) 2519-2744<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons has-custom-font-size is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fdcfc74e wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"font-size:10px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-custom-font-size wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1GuZana8nDQpaZUlnflV_Q5QpguGj26jg\/view\" style=\"border-radius:10px;font-size:10px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" class=\"wp-image-362\" style=\"width: 14px;\" src=\"https:\/\/test.inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153.png 512w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-450x450.png 450w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-106x106.png 106w, https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/free-icon-pdf-201153-80x80.png 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 14px) 100vw, 14px\" \/> PDF (Ukrainian)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/32019.173820\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/32019.173820<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">Published \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02019-07-19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:8px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/CC-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6960\" style=\"width:131px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u00abVirtual Property\u00bb in cyberspace: essence and legal nature<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ruslan Ennan<\/strong><br>Ukraine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract<br><\/strong>In article the essence and legal nature of \u00abvirtual property\u00bb are considered in the conditions of formation of cyberspace. New types of social interaction, available through the Internet, have spawned virtual worlds with a developed economic subsystem. Virtual objects that exist in these worlds, often have a significant economic value and can be obtained for real money, which determines the expediency of their protection through the law. However, it is worth recognizing that the current trend towards dematerialization and virtualization of property, the relations arising in the virtual worlds are increasingly difficult to interpret in a language inherited from Roman law. Over time, the need to rethink traditional perceptions of ownership, its objects and the order of their protection in order to attract virtual objects will inevitably arise. It seems necessary to draw cyberspace into the scope of the current legal regulation, not contradicting the real and virtual worlds, but realizing that these worlds exist together, and what happens in one can have serious consequences in the second. In any case, the current status quo for virtual objects can not last long. The situation when there is a black market for such objects, and their regulation is carried out by agreements, unilaterally drawn by the rightholders without regard for the interests of users and third parties, is abnormal. Many experts agree that sooner or later the courts, and after them, and lawmakers will be forced to recognize the reality of \u00abvirtual\u00bb property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>virtual property, virtual relations, cyberspace, gaming space, virtual world<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0410. \u0418. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430. 2014. \u2116 1. \u0421. 127\u2013150.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Freedman R. How to Make Real Money in Second Life: Boost Your Business, Market Your Services, and Sell Your Products in the World&#8217;s Hottest Virtual Community. McGraw-Hill. N.Y., 2008; Terdiman D. The Entrepreneur&#8217;s Guide to Second Life. Indiana, 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fairfield J. Virtual Property \/\/ Boston University Law Review. 2005. N 85. P. 1050; Benjamin Tyson Duranske. Virtual Law: Navigating the Legal Landscape of Virtual Worlds. Chicago: ABA Publishing, 2008. P. 27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Benjamin Tyson Duranske. Op. cit. P. 3; Lipson A., Brain R. Computer and Video Game Law: Cases, Statutes, Forms, Problems &#038; Materials. 2009. P. 505\u2013506.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bartle R. Bartle of Virtual Property. The Themis Group. April 2004. <br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.themis-group.com\/uploads\/Bartle%20of3\/o20Virtual%20Property.pdf\">http:\/\/www.themis-group.com\/uploads\/Bartle%20of3\/o20Virtual%20Property.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duranske B. Virtual Law. ABA Publishing. 2008. P. 96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duranske B. Virtual Law. ABA Publishing. 2008. P. 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fairfield J. Virtual Property \/\/ Boston University Law Review. 2005. \u2116 85. P. 085.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taiwan Ministry of Justice Official Notation N 039030 (90).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mark Ward. Does Virtual Crime Need Real Justice? BBC NEWS, Sept. 29, 2003. <br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/technology\/3138456.stm\">http:\/\/www.news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/technology\/3138456.stm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steinberg A. For Sale &#8211; One Level 5 Barbarian for 94,800 Won: The International Effects of Virtual Property and the Legality of its Ownership \/\/ The Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law. 2009. \u2116 37. P. 384.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Duranske B. Virtual Law. ABA Publishing. 2008. \u0420. 80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastowka G., Hunter D. The Laws of the Virtual Worlds \/\/ California Law Review. 2004. N 92. P. 49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hunt K. This Land is not Your Land: Second Life, Copybot and the Looming Question of Virtual Property Right \/\/ Texas Review of Entertainment and Sports Law. 2007. \u2116 9. P. 172.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bartle R. A. Pitfalls of Virtual Property. April 2004. <br><a href=\"http:\/\/www.themisgroup.com\/\">http:\/\/www.themisgroup.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theory and practice of intellectual property\u2116 3 \/ 2019 ISSN (Print) 2308-0361ISSN (Online) 2519-2744 DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33731\/32019.173820 Published \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02019-07-19 \u00abVirtual Property\u00bb in cyberspace: essence and legal nature Ruslan EnnanUkraine AbstractIn article the essence and legal nature of \u00abvirtual property\u00bb are considered in the conditions of formation of cyberspace. New types of social interaction, available through the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-10650","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10650"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10652,"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/10650\/revisions\/10652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inprojournal.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}